The effects of several forms of platelet concentrates combined with biomaterial collapan on segmental tibial bone defect regeneration

Abstract

Objective: the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of three forms of allogeneic platelet concentrates on segmental tubular bone defect osseous regeneration.Material and Methods. In 145 laboratory rats tibial shaft segment was resected and stable osteosynthesis of the bone ends was performed. In group 1 animals the bone defect was left graftless, in group 2 animals biomaterial Collapan and shattered orthotopic autologous bone mixture into the bone defect site was placed. In group 3 animals as part of Collapan-autobone mixture defect filling fresh allogeneic platelet rich plasma was added, in group 4 animals allogeneic cryodestructed platelet rich plasma to the Collapan-bone mixture was added and group 5 animals received Collapan-bone mixture with allogeneic platelet rich fibrin added.Results. According to gross dissection data in 23 of the 32 group 3 rats, in 25 of the 37 group 4 rats and in 19 of the 27 group 5 rats complete visual tibial shaft defect healing occurred. In group 2 on visual inspection of tibial bone in 5 of the 10 rats defect healing was noted and in group 1 rats the defect healed in 15 of the 39 animals only. Bone defect healing rates in groups 3, 4 and 5 differed from group 1 healing rate significantly with χ2 = 7,889, χ2 = 6,452 and χ2 = 6,504 respectively, group 2 bone defect healing rate did not differ from that of group 1 (χ2 = 0,439). Histological analysis of specimens from groups 3, 5 and especially from group 4, at 3 weeks after plasty demonstrated active intermediary callus formation at bonesaw-line and neoformed osteoid bone on Collapan-bone chips aggregations surfaces; no intermediary callus formation in specimens from group 2 was found. At 6 to 12 weeks after plasty the most mature osseous tissue in specimens from group 4 was observed, the least mature neoformed osseous tissue amount was common to specimens from group 2.Conclusion. All three allogeneic Collapan-immobilized platelet concentrates studied promoted bone formation and healing of considerable segmental tibial shaft bone defect in rat model. The most evident osteogenesis activating effect was histologically confirmed in cases where cryodestructed platelet rich plasma to Collapan-bone chips mixture was added.