Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and a disruption of bone microarchitecture, is traditionally treated using drugs or lifestyle modifications. Recently, several preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the effects of selenium on bone health, although the results are controversial. Selenium, an important trace element, is required for selenoprotein synthesis and acts crucially for proper growth and skeletal development. However, the intake of an optimum amount of selenium is critical, as both selenium deficiency and toxicity are hazardous for health. In this review, we have systematically analyzed the existing literature in this field to determine whether dietary or serum selenium concentrations are associated with bone health. In addition, the mode of administration of selenium as a supplement for treating bone disease is important. We have also highlighted the importance of using green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles as therapeutics for bone disease. Novel nanobiotechnology will be a bridgehead for clinical applications of trace elements and natural products.
Highlights
Bones play multiple roles in the body, including providing support to the body and an environment for generating blood cells, enabling movement, protecting vital organs, and storing minerals [1,2,3]
About 25 different selenoprotein-coding genes have been identified in humans so far, and these include those encoding glutathione peroxidases (GPx1, 2, 3, 4, 6), thioredoxin reductases (TrxR1, 2, 3), iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO1, 2, 3), selenophosphate synthetase (SPSHS2), methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase 1 (MSRB1), and selenoprotein H, I, K, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, V, and W (SELENOH, Selenoprotein I (SELENOI), Selenoprotein K (SELENOK), Selenoprotein M (SELENOM), Selenoprotein N (SELENON), Selenoprotein O (SELENOO), SELENOP, Selenoprotein R (SELENOR), Selenoprotein S (SELENOS), Selenoprotein T (SELENOT), Selenoprotein V (SELENOV), and Selenoprotein W (SELENOW)) [71,72,73]
These can be classified into subfamilies according to their cellular functions, which include those involved in antioxidation (GPx1, 2, 3, 4), redox regulation (TrxR1, 2, 3, methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MSRB1), Selenoprotein H (SELENOH), M, W), thyroid hormone metabolism (DIO1, 2, 3), selenium transport and storage (SELENOP), selenophosphate synthesis (SEPHS2), calcium metabolism (SELENOK, T), myogenesis (SELENON), protein folding (SELENOF, I, S), and protein AMPylation (SELENOO)
Summary
Bones play multiple roles in the body, including providing support to the body and an environment for generating blood cells, enabling movement, protecting vital organs, and storing minerals [1,2,3]. Dietary sources of selenium uptake include inorganic forms such as selenate and selenite, as well as organic forms like selenocysteine (Sec) and selenomethionine (SeMet) [56,57]. Each of these forms can be metabolized to selenide, which is an intermediate in selenocysteine synthesis [58,59]. SECIS binding protein 2 forms a complex with ribosomes, SECIS elements, and a Sec-specific translation elongation factor, contributing to the efficient coding of UGA as selenocysteine [62]. Additional SECIS-binding proteins such as ribosomal protein L30 [67], eukaryotic initiation factor 4a3 [68], and nucleolin [69] have been predicted to act as facilitators or modulators of selenoprotein synthesis
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
