The Effects of Selenium-Enriched Probiotics on Growth Performance, Oocysts Shedding, Intestinal Cecal Lesion Scores, Antioxidant Capacity, and mRNA Gene Expression in Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella.

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of selenium-enriched probiotics (SP) supplementation on growth performance, oocysts shedding, intestinal lesions and antioxidant capacities, and mRNA gene expression of local Chinese yellow male chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. One-day-old 270 chickens were randomly assigned into five groups, each consisting of three replicates with 18 chickens per replicate. Chickens in the negative and positive controls (NC, PC, respectively) received basal diets only (0.11mgSe/kg), whereas the other groups were supplied basal diets with probiotics and designated as (P, 0.11mgSe/kg), sodium selenite (SS, 0.41mgSe/kg), and (SP, 0.41mgSe/kg) groups. At 21days of age, except the NC group, all other groups were infected by oral gavage with 1.5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts per chicken. Three chickens were randomly selected from each group for serum, liver, and cecal specimen collection. The results showed that P, SS, and SP had significant increase weight gain and feed intake. Additionally, these groups showed higher activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) compared to the PC group, whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum catalase (CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content remained lower. Moreover, P, SS, and SP groups had lower oocyst shedding and cecal lesion scores. Significant upregulation of the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4), Selenium W (SelW), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) mRNA expression were detected in the SP group, which was then followed by SS when compared to the P group, whereas mRNA expression down-regulated in the PC group compared to NC, P, SS, and SP. In the NC and P groups, there were no significant differences in mRNA expression, except that IFN-γ mRNA level upregulated in P. We concluded that selenium-enriched probiotic supplementation has profound effects in enhancing the growth performance, antioxidant capacities, mRNA gene expression, reduced of oocysts shedding, and the cecal lesion scores of chickens and do provide protection against E. tenella.