The effects of selection of pigs on growth rate vs leanness on histochemical characteristics of different muscles.

Abstract

The microstructure of two type of muscles was studied in a selection experiment conducted with Dutch Large White pigs (boars and gilts) selected for either low backfat thickness (L-line) or fast growth (F-line). Second- and fourth-generation pigs were used to determine effects of selection on fiber type composition, fiber area, and capillary density in the longissimus lumborum (LL) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Immediately after slaughter samples were taken from the LL and BF muscles. The latter was divided into an inside (BFi) and outside (BFo) portion, which refer to the red and white portions of the biceps femoris. Serial sections were stained for ATPase (pH 4.60), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and alpha-amylase-periodic acid shiff (PAS) to determine fiber type and capillary density. The LL and BFo muscles had predominantly type IIBw fibers, whereas the BFi muscle had a 2 to 4 times higher amount of type I fibers. In most muscles there were more type I and fewer type IIBw fibers in F- than in L-line pigs (P < .05), except in the LL muscle of second-generation pigs and in the red part of the BF muscle of fourth-generation pigs. In both selection lines lower type I and higher type IIBw percentages were found in muscles from gilts than in those from boars (P < .05). Capillary density and fiber area of L- and F-lines showed minor differences, which could be explained by differences in weight and age of the pigs of both lines. The results suggest that selection for low backfat thickness in pig breeding compared with increased growth rate resulted in fewer oxidative and more glycolytic muscle fibers. The magnitude of the effect depended on muscle type and duration of the selection period.