Abstract
The research was conducted at - Sulaimani Polytechnic Universit (SPU), Bakrajo Technical Institute in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq in begging of 2018. Three different sizes and varieties Ecuadelje of bean seeds were used and treated. Water-soaking, dilute acid soaking, and dilute base with scarification soaking. They were distributed in 36 pots by using CRBD with three replicates. The results showed the significant differences only with the effect of seeds size from the period of sowing seeds to the end of germination. The small size seeds had significant differences compare to the others. But the effect of removal test was high significant in all studied characteristics. Seeds which socked with diluted base and diluted acid had significant differences compare to the other treatments form the initial to the final stage of seeds germination. The interaction between seeds sizes and removable testa treatment showed significant differences among small size seeds which treated with diluted HCl during the initial and final stage, and the large size seeds treated with diluted NaOH. Seeds scarification treatment did not show any positive effects in both of germination periods, but showed significant differences in the percentage of initial and final germination. We suggested to sock the broad bean seeds in one of diluted bases or diluted acids and scarification of seed treatment in order to stimulate germination percentage reduce of the germination period and develop broad beans stored seeds germination.
Highlights
Seeds which socked with diluted base and diluted acid had significant differences compare to the other treatments form the initial to the final stage of seeds germination
The interaction between seeds sizes and removable testa treatment showed significant differences among small size seeds which treated with diluted HCl during the initial and final stage, and the large size seeds treated with diluted NaOH
Removal testa treatments showed that short initial germination period achieved when seeds soaked with diluted HCl acid and diluted NaOH compared with soaking in distilled water
Summary
The Faba bean is a major legume in Iraq, because of the high nutritional value which contains many chemical components such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and some mineral elements [1]. Using of certain plant growth regulators such as Idol Acetic Acid (IAA), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Benzoic Acid (BA), Salsalic acid (SA) or others remove the testa.[5] These growth regulators activated the glucoamylase (aglucosidase) enzyme action during germination [6], the works of this enzyme is to convert starch into glucose sugar whatever such works because the degradation of cellulose in the solid crust of faba bean seeds was studied by Metzgerwho used different concentration (0.5, 1, 1, 5, 2, 2.5 and 3 ml/liter distilled water and both of HCL and Ca (OH). Agarwaland his colleagues used two acids (Absisic Acid ABA and Salsalic Acid SA), one alkaline (Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2) and (hydrogen peroxide H2O2), to removal of the testa from the stored wheat seeds The concentrations of those four solutions were 0.1%. The water enters through the cracks lead to breakdown of complex sugar into simple sugars, as utilized through the development of the embryo seed [10]
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