Abstract
The effects of three rootstocks (‘Gisela 5’, ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’) and three training systems (Spanish bush, Steep leader and Vogel central leader) on early performance of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry were compared. There have been significant differences among both rootstocks and training systems in terms of tree heights. At the end of the fourth year, while the height of the trees grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ was 238.3 cm, those grafted on ‘MaxMa 14’ reached 266.4 cm in height. While the shortest tree height was obtained from Spanish bush system, heights of the trees in Steep leader and Vogel central leader training systems were found to be at similar levels. ‘Gisela’ 5 had lower trunk cross section area (TCSA) than ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’ rootstocks. Among three systems, trees trained to Steep leader had the highest TCSA, followed by Spanish bush and Vogel central leader. Interactions were found between rootstock and training system for yield and yield efficiency. On ‘Gisela 6’, cumulative yield of Vogel central leader system (17.0 g/tree) was significantly higher than Spanish bush (14.8 g/tree) and Steep leader (12.6 g/tree). On the other hand, on ‘MaxMa 14’, there were not significant differences in cumulative yield per tree among training systems. On ‘Gisela 5’ and ‘Gisela 6’, the highest yield efficiency were observed in trees trained as Vogel central leader. Yield efficiency of Vogel central leader (0.49 kg cm-²) was two time higher than those of Spanish bush (0.29 kg cm-²) and Steep leader (0.26 kg cm-²) on ‘Gisela 6’. The weight of fruits from trees grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ was lower than those from trees on ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’. In the fourth year, while the average fruit weight was 5.86 g on ‘Gisela 5’, it was 6.00 and 6.25 g on ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘MaxMa 14’ rootstocks respectively.
Highlights
Turkey is the first in the world cherry production by meeting 21% of total production in the world (Anonymous, 2014)
In the last year, it was observed that the canopy volume of the trees trained as Spanish bush system was smaller than of those trained as Steep leader and Vogel central leader systems
In 2013, while the highest yield per tree was obtained from Steep leader system for ‘Gisela 5’, it was observed from Spanish bush system for ‘Gisela 6’ and Vogel central leader system for ‘MaxMa 14’ rootstock
Summary
Turkey is the first in the world cherry production by meeting 21% of total production in the world (Anonymous, 2014). The training systems that are practiced on the trees grafted on these vigorous rootstocks are generally modified leader or multiple leader systems (Başkaya, 2011) These production systems lack precocity and first fruits are harvested in the 5th or 6th year and full production is not reached until 10-12th years. The desire for high yield and efficient harvest have led to the development of many different training systems such as Steep leader, Vogel central leader, Spanish bush, Kym green bush, Upright fruiting offshoots, Tall spindle axe and the Super slender axe (Zahn, 1992; Robinson, 2005). In a study conducted with several different cherry varieties grafted on ‘Gisela 6’ rootstocks, Musacchi et al (2015) state that it is possible to achieve early cropping and increase yield and fruit quality by using the appropriate training system for a variety. The hue angle value was calculated with the formula h°= tan-1 b*/a*
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