Abstract
In high-density cities, physical activity (PA) diversity is an essential indicator of public health and urban vitality, and how to meet the demands of diverse PA in a limited residential built environment is critical for promoting public health. This study selected Shenzhen, China, as a representative case; combined the diversity of PA participants, types, and occurrence times to generate a comprehensive understanding of PA diversity; fully used data from multiple sources to measure and analyze PA diversity and residential built environment; analyzed the relationships between the built environment and PA diversity; and explored the different effects in clustered and sprawled high-density urban forms. PAs in clustered areas were two times more diverse than those in sprawled areas. Accessibility, inclusiveness, and landscape attractiveness of residential built environment jointly improved PA diversity. Clustered areas had significant advantages in supporting PA diversity since they could keep the balance between dense residence and landscape reservation with an accessible and inclusive public space system. The residential built environment with dense street networks, public traffic and service, multi-functional public space system, and attractive landscapes is crucial to improve the diverse PA to achieve more public health outputs in high-density cities. To promote health-oriented urban development, clustered urban form is advocated, and step-forward strategies should be carried out.
Highlights
In the process of global urbanization, with increasing population densities, public health has gradually become the most urgent urban problem
In model 1, accessibili inclusiveness, and landscape attractiveness were all positively related to physical activity (PA) diversity, a mixture
PA diversity in the sprawled area was positively associated with street network density, bus station density, service facility density
Summary
In the process of global urbanization, with increasing population densities, public health has gradually become the most urgent urban problem. In western public healthoriented urban studies, a dense residence with mixed land use, high street connectivity, and large population were indicated to promote PA [9,10,11,12,13]. Contrary to mainstream research results, high-density cities in Asia have not achieved improved public health outcomes. Some studies have found that low residential density is likely to promote PA [15]. This conclusion was confirmed in many studies on metropolises of western countries [16,17]. The discussions on the residential built environment of high-density cities should take into account the general
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