Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) signal is an electrophysiological recording from electrodes placed on the scalp to reflect the electrical activities of the brain. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is one type of EEG signals in response to an auditory stimulus, and it has been widely used to evaluate the potential disorders of the auditory function within the brain. Currently, the ABR measurements in the clinic usually adopt a fixed stimulation rate (FSR) technique in which the late evoked response could contaminate the ABR signals and deteriorate the waveform differentiation after averaging, thus compromising the overall auditory function assessment task. To resolve this issue, this study proposed a random stimulation rate (RSR) method by integrating a random interval between two adjacent stimuli. The results showed that the proposed RSR method was consistently repeatable and reliable in multiple trials of repeated measurements, and there was a large amplitude of successive late evoked response that would contaminate the ABR signals for conventional FSR methods. The ABR waveforms of the RSR method showed better wave I–V morphology across different stimulation rates and stimulus levels, and the improved ABR morphology played an important role in early diagnoses of auditory pathway abnormities. The correlation coefficients as functions of averaging time showed that the ABR waveform of the RSR method stabilizes significantly faster, and therefore, it could be used to speed up current ABR measurements with more reliable testing results. The study suggests that the proposed method would potentially aid the adequate reconstruction of ABR signals towards a more effective means of hearing loss screening, brain function diagnoses, and potential brain–computer interface.
Highlights
Hearing impairment or hearing loss primarily occurs as a result of damage to a specific part of the ear due to congenital defects, diseases, exposure to excessively loud noise, or injury, among others
It should be noted that there was a large amplitude of the late responses after the first 10 ms, which could affect the Auditory brainstem response (ABR) signal if they overlapped with the successive stimulation
As compared with the fixed stimulation rate (FSR) method, the random stimulation rate (RSR) method could achieve better ABR morphologies indicated by clearer waveform differentiation, especially at high stimulation rates (Figure 5C)
Summary
Hearing impairment or hearing loss primarily occurs as a result of damage to a specific part of the ear due to congenital defects, diseases, exposure to excessively loud noise, or injury, among others. This phenomenon often leads to a decrease in the auditory sensitivity or hearing dysfunction that prevents humans from sensing sounds in their environment. It was reported that hearing loss affects over 1.1 billion individuals across different age groups (World Health Organization, 2011; Olusanya et al, 2014; Vos et al, 2015) It leads to disability in about 50% (360–538 million) of the hearing loss populace with around 124 million persons having moderate to severe disability (World Health Organization, 2015). There is an urgent need to develop an efficient strategy for early detection and timely treatment of hearing loss, to prevent the language development impediment of newborns and life quality decline of adults
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