Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG) compared to a control group on hemorrhage control; the amount of crystalloid volume infusion on rebleeding; the effect of movement on hemorrhage. This was a prospective, experimental design. Swine were randomly assigned to either the QCG () or the control group (). Investigators transected the femoral artery and vein in each swine. After one minute of uncontrolled hemorrhage, the hemostatic agent, QCG, was placed into the wound followed by standard wound packing. The control group underwent the same procedures but without a hemostatic agent. After five minutes of direct pressure, a standard pressure dressing was applied. After 30 minutes, dressings were removed, and the wound was observed for rebleeding for 5 minutes. If hemostasis occurred, 5 liters of crystalloid was given over 5 minutes, and the wound was observed for rebleeding for 5 additional minutes. If no bleeding occurred, the extremity on the side of the injury was moved. There were significant differences in the amount of hemorrhage (), the amount of fluid administration (), and the number of movements () between the QCG and control.
Highlights
Trauma represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both the civilian and military populations with uncontrolled hemorrhage as the major cause of death [1,2,3,4,5]
The protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), and the animals received care in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act, the Guide for the Use of Laboratory Animals
Pusateri et al concluded that QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG) provides hemostasis, decreased blood loss, and mortality in a severe liver injury animal model [1]
Summary
Trauma represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both the civilian and military populations with uncontrolled hemorrhage as the major cause of death [1,2,3,4,5]. If trauma victims survive the initial injury and hemorrhage is controlled, a large blood loss predisposes them to hypothermia, coagulopathy, infection, acidosis, and multiple organ failure [1, 2, 7, 8]. Hemostatic agents have been investigated in multiple animal studies to include liver and complex groin injuries. These studies have produced inconsistent and mixed results regarding the effectiveness of hemostatic agents in controlling hemorrhage which indicate the need for additional investigations [6, 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]
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