The effects of progressive hypoxia on the crustacean cardiovascular system: a comparison of the freshwater crayfish, ( Procambarus clarkii ), and the lobster ( Homarus americanus )

Abstract

The heart rate of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and lobsters (Homarus americanus) decreased (bradycardia) as partial pressure of O2 (PO2) decreased, yet cardiac output (Vb) was maintained via an increased stroke volume (Sv) to PO2s of 40 mmHg and 75 mmHg for crayfish and lobsters, respectively. Vb was redistributed in both animals. Flow through the anterior aorta increased while flow dropped through the posterior aorta and sternal artery to a PO2 of 30 mmHg; below this flow was no longer maintained in crayfish. In the lobster, flow increased to the lateral arteries and the ventral thoracic artery while flow through the anterior and posterior aortas, sternal artery and ventral abdominal artery decreased to a PO2 of 75 mmHg. Anterior hemolymph flow was maintained or increased in both animals presumably to supply nervous tissue and cephalic sense organs better. Crayfish showed an increase in intracardiac and mean arterial hemolymph pressures as PO2 declined. The increased pressures combined with the net increase in cardiac filling pressure and diastolic filling time could have accounted for the increased SV. The cardiovascular response exhibited by both the crayfish and lobster was PO2 dependent; below a critical water PO2 active compensation was no longer observed.