The effects of positive visualization with and without sound on sleep actigraphy measures in a small sample of tinnitus patients

Abstract

BackgroundTinnitus is a common oto-neurological disorder associated with sleep disturbances. This research explored visualization and visualization reinforced with nature sounds as an acute therapy for sleep disturbance in people with tinnitus.MethodsTwelve adults with bothersome tinnitus and sleep disturbances participated in a randomized cross-over design in which measurements of tinnitus perception (rating scales), anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), attention (Attention and Performance Self-Assessment), and sleep quality (sleep diary and actigraphy—automated estimates of total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep fragmentation, and wake after sleep onset) were undertaken at baseline and repeated with therapy. The visualization task was 30 min in duration and was performed every night before sleep. The visualization with sound reinforcement task added nature sounds played overnight.ResultsSleep onset latency analyzed using the sleep diary normalized actigraphy was significantly reduced with both interventions (visualization reduced by 60 min and visualization with sound reinforcement reduced by 70 min). None of the other sleep quality markers demonstrated a statistically significant change. Self-reported attention ability significantly improved with visualization. Of the participants, 90% were able to consistently complete actigraphy measures over the 3 weeks of the study, and 75% kept sleep diaries.ConclusionSleep onset time was reduced with visualization.