Abstract
Lithium-thionyl chloride batteries possess the highest specific energies of all of those commercially available batteries. These batteries also have high operating voltages, with stable outputs, wide operating temperature ranges, long storage lives, and are of low cost. The main limitation of lithium-thionyl chloride batteries is the low discharge capacity at high discharge rates, which limits their commercial uses. In this study, a porous cathode carbon support was prepared by introducing ammonia bicarbonate as a pore-forming agent. The porous cathode carbon support that formed was systematically characterized by BET, SEM, and XRD. The porous carbon support was then assembled into an ER18505M battery system to characterize the electrochemical performance of the battery. The effect of pore structure on the electrochemical performance was determined and revealed the preparation of a high capacity lithium-thionyl chloride battery with a high discharge rate.
Highlights
Lithium-thionyl chloride batteries have the highest specific energy of all of the batteries that are commercially available
Lithium-thionyl chloride batteries are only suitable for small- and micro-current power consumption applications, as the discharge capacity begins to reduce considerably at a rate of more than 0.05C (Iwamaru and Uetani, 1987; Holmes, 2001; Menachem and Yamin, 2004; Spotnitz et al, 2006; West et al, 2010; Li et al, 2011; Hu et al, 2019a,b)
The discharge reaction of lithium-thionyl chloride batteries is shown in reaction (1) (Schliakjer et al, 1979)
Summary
Lithium-thionyl chloride batteries have the highest specific energy of all of the batteries that are commercially available. Lee et al (2001) pointed out that in the battery discharge reaction process, the reaction product, lithium chloride, will block the pores of the carbon cathode support and strongly hinder the diffusion of thionyl chloride in the support. The discharge performance of lithium-thionyl chloride batteries has previously been improved by adding metal phthalocyanine compounds to the cathode support (Liu et al, 2016; Gao et al, 2017, 2018).
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