The effects of physical activity on depression and quality of life in Chinese perimenopausal women

Abstract

BackgroundWomen are more likely to experience depressive symptoms and poor quality of life (QoL) during perimenopause. The effectiveness of physical activity (PA) in perimenopause on mental well-being and health outcomes has been frequently reported. This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of PA on the relationship between depression and QoL in Chinese perimenopausal women. MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed, and participants were recruited through a multistage, stratified, probability proportional to size sampling method. Depression, PA, and QoL were measured by Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. The direct and indirect effects of PA on QoL were analyzed by PA in a mediation framework. Results1100 perimenopausal women participated in the study. PA mainly plays partial mediating roles in the relationship between depression and physical (ab = −0.493, 95 % CI: −0.582 to −0.407; ab = −0.449, 95 % CI: −0.553 to −0.343) and psychological (ab = −0.710, 95 % CI: −0.849 to −0.578; ab = −0.721, 95 % CI: −0.853 to −0.589; ab = −0.670, 95 % CI: −0.821 to −0.508) domains of QoL. Additionally, intensity (ab = −0.496, 95 % CI: −0.602 to −0.396; ab = −0.355, 95 % CI: −0.498 to −0.212) and duration (ab = −0.201, 95 % CI: −0.298 to −0.119; ab = −0.134, 95 % CI: −0.237 to −0.047) intermediated the relationship between moderate-to-severe depression and physical domain; frequency (ab = −0.130, 95 % CI: −0.207 to −0.066) only had a mediation influence between moderate depression and physical domain; intensity (ab = −0.583, 95 % CI: −0.712 to −0.460; ab = −0.709, 95 % CI: −0.854 to −0.561; ab = −0.520, 95 % CI: −0.719 to −0.315), duration (ab = −0.433, 95 % CI: −0.559 to −0.311; ab = −0.389, 95 % CI: −0.547 to −0.228; ab = −0.258, 95 % CI: −0.461 to −0.085), and frequency (ab = −0.365, 95 % CI: −0.493 to −0.247; ab = −0.270, 95 % CI: −0.414 to −0.144) all interceded between the psychological domain and all levels of depression, except for the frequency between severe depression and psychological domain; in terms of social relationship and environment domains, intensity (ab = −0.458, 95 % CI: −0.593 to −0.338; ab = −0.582, 95 % CI: −0.724 to −0.445), duration (ab = −0.397, 95 % CI: −0.526 to −0.282; ab = −0.412, 95 % CI: −0.548 to −0.293), and frequency (ab = −0.231, 95 % CI: −0.353 to −0.123; ab = −0.398, 95 % CI: −0.533 to −0.279) were mediators only on mild depression. LimitationsThe cross-sectional study and self-reported data are major limiting factors. ConclusionPA and its components partially mediated the association between depression and QoL. Suitable prevention methods and interventions for PA may improve the QoL for perimenopausal women.