The Effects of Photobiomodulation on Bone Defect Repairing in a Diabetic Rat Model

Ji-Hua Lee,Su-Chii Kong,Yan-Hsiung Wang,Ying-Chun Lin,Kun-Tsung Lee,Chia-Hsin Chen

doi:10.3390/ijms222011026

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the prospective therapeutic effects of photobiomodulation on the healing of bone defects in diabetic mellitus (DM) using rat models to provide basic knowledge of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) during bone defect repair. For in vitro study, an Alizzarin red stain assay was used to evaluate the effect of PBMT on osteogenic differentiation. For in vivo study, micro-computed tomography (microCT) scan, H&E and IHC stain analysis were used to investigate the effect of PBMT on the healing of the experimental calvarial defect (3 mm in diameter) of a diabetic rat model. For in vitro study, the high glucose groups showed lower osteogenic differentiation in both irradiated and non-irradiated with PBMT when compared to the control groups. With the PBMT, all groups (control, osmotic control and high glucose) showed higher osteogenic differentiation when compared to the non-irradiated groups. For in vivo study, the hyperglycemic group showed significantly lower bone regeneration when compared to the control group. With the PBMT, the volume of bone regeneration was increasing and back to the similar level of the control group. The treatment of PBMT in 660 nm could improve the bone defect healing on a diabetic rat calvarial defect model.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic impairment leading to hyperglycemia developed from relative or absolute insulin deficiency
When the cells were cultured in osteogenic induction medium (OIM) over a period of 7 days, osteogenic differentiation was showed and cells were stained positive with Alizarin Red S (Figure 1a, lower panel on plate)
The results showed an enhancement in the healing of the diabetic mellitus (DM) rat defected calvarial bone after photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) treatment over the span of 12 weeks via both in vivo micro-computed tomography (microCT) image analyses (Figure 2) and histomorphometric analysis (Figure 3)

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic impairment leading to hyperglycemia developed from relative or absolute insulin deficiency. T1DM is the major type of DM in youth resulting from a destruction of the pancreatic β-cells of autoimmune etiology, leading to insulin deficiency [2,3]. T2DM is much more common affecting 90% of all diabetes patients. It is characterized by insulin resistance coupled with relative insulin insufficiency and an excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion [4,5]. As the glucose levels are elevated, it contributes to many complications seen in DM, including skeletal disorders known as diabetic osteopathy accompanied by reduced bone quality in patients [6]

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