The effects of PHBV-g-MA compatibilizer on morphology and properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/olive husk flour composites

Abstract

The paper provides some experimental data on the effects of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) grafted maleic anhydride (PHBV-g-MA) used as the compatibilizer for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/olive husk flour (OHF) composites prepared by melt compounding. The natural filler was added to PHBV at various contents, i.e. 10, 20, and 30 wt%, while the amount of PHBV-g-MA was 5 wt% based on neat PHBV. Morphology, contact angle measurements, water absorption (WA), mechanical, viscoelastic, and barrier properties of the various composites were investigated with and without the compatibilizer. The study showed through scanning electron microscopy that the addition of PHBV-g-MA to PHBV/OHF composites resulted in better and finer dispersion of the filler in the matrix, even at a higher content ratio, indicating improved affinity between the components. This is in agreement with the decrease in both surface energy and WA. Furthermore, tensile and dynamic mechanical measurements indicated a reinforcing effect of OHF in PHBV composites, being more pronounced in the presence of PHBV-g-MA. The barrier properties against oxygen and water vapor were also improved for the compatibilized composites.