Abstract
Penicillium waksmani was found capable of growing on the scales left by American foulbrood disease (AFB). The scale thus became loosened from the cell wall in a wax comb and was easier for the adult worker honeybees, Apis mellifera, to remove. Also, the bees were stimulated to remove the mold, and consequently, the loosened scales. This cell cleaning and removal of scale was further evidenced by a reduction in cell wall height and in the number of viable Bacillus larvae spores in the cells.
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