Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore empirical associations between parental monitoring and for the first time contribution to self, family and community, as outcome of positive youth development, across time among Lithuanian youth. Data for this study are drawn from the first two available waves of an ongoing longitudinal Positive Youth Development research project (POSIDEV), conducted in Lithuania. The sample size for this study was N = 1098 (54.5% girls and 45.5% boys). Measurements used: parental monitoring scale and three-dimensional contribution scale. Results indicated that parental monitoring at Time 1 predicted all components of contribution: to self (? = .37, p<.001), to family (? = .49, p<.001) and to community (?= .23, p<.001) at Time 2. Results also indicated that parental monitoring is more strongly related to contribution in emerging adults group than in adolescents group. To conclude, results of current two-wave study highlighted the importance of the parental monitoring on the outcomes of positive youth development one year later.
Highlights
Introduction1.1 Parental MonitoringParental monitoring is one of the central dimensions of parental behavior (Barber, Stolz, Olsen, Collins, & Burchinal, 2005; Kerr & Stattin, 2000) that is linked with children’s adjustment, development and well-being (e.g. Kerr, Stattin, & Burk, 2010; Lewin-Bizan, Bowers, & Lerner, 2010; Napolitanoet et al, 2011)
An analysis indicated that contribution to self, to family and to community were interrelated and they were all positively associated with parental monitoring at T1 and T2
Results of current two-wave study highlighted the importance of the parental monitoring on the outcomes of positive youth development one year later. 4.1 Parental Monitoring and Contribution Evidence presented here suggests that parental monitoring is strongly related to contribution as outcome of PYD
Summary
1.1 Parental MonitoringParental monitoring is one of the central dimensions of parental behavior (Barber, Stolz, Olsen, Collins, & Burchinal, 2005; Kerr & Stattin, 2000) that is linked with children’s adjustment, development and well-being (e.g. Kerr, Stattin, & Burk, 2010; Lewin-Bizan, Bowers, & Lerner, 2010; Napolitanoet et al, 2011). Monitoring is typically operationalized as parental awareness of children’s whereabouts and knowledge of their activities and adaptations (Kerr & Stattin, 2000; Small & Kerns, 1993). Monitoring does not require a parent to be with a child constantly nor does it imply intrusiveness Instead it entails an active interest, awareness, and involvement in a child’s day-to-day life (Small & Eastman, 1991). Positive parenting, asmeasured by high levels of maternal warmth and parental monitoring, was positively related to individual self-regulatory behaviors, which in turn positively influenced higher levels of positive youth development (PYD) and youth community contributions (Lewin-Bizan et al, 2010; Napolitanoetal, 2011)
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