Abstract
BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is a non-communicable disease inclusive of risk factors such as central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. In this present study, we investigated the ability of Pandanus amaryllifolius (PA) leaf water extract to reverse the cluster of diseases in an established rat model induced by fructose in drinking water.MethodsThirty healthy adult male Wistar rats (150–180 g) were randomly divided into three groups which included control (C; n = 6), PA extract (PAE; n = 6) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS; n = 18). Food and fluid were given ad libitum for 8 weeks. These groups differed in fluid intake whereby rats received tap water, 10% of PA leaf water extracts and 20% of fructose in drinking water in group C, PAE and MetS, respectively. After 8 weeks, the MetS group was further subdivided into three subgroups namely MetS1 (n = 6), MetS2 (n = 6) and MetS3 (n = 6). The C, PAE and MetS1 were sacrificed. MetS1 group was sacrificed as the control for metabolic syndrome. MetS2 and MetS3 groups were treated with only tap water and 10% of PA leaf water extract respectively for another 8 weeks. The parameters for physiological and metabolic changes such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and inflammatory biomarkers (NFκβ p65, TNFα, leptin and adiponectin) were measured.ResultsThe intake of 20% of fructose in drinking water induced full blown of metabolic syndrome symptoms, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia in male Wistar rats. Subsequently, treatment with PA leaf water extract improved obesity parameters including BMI, abdominal adipose tissue deposition and adipocytes size, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein with neutral effects on inflammatory biomarkers.ConclusionsAdministration of PA in metabolic syndrome rat model attenuates most of the metabolic syndrome symptoms as well as improves obesity. Therefore, PA which is rich in total flavonoids and total phenolic acids can be suggested as a useful dietary supplement to improve metabolic syndrome components induces by fructose.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome is a continuous growing problem consists of multiple metabolic dysfunctions cluster such as central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia that lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1], diabetes and stroke [2]
Metabolic syndrome was defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Expert Program Adult Treatment Program III (NCEP ATP III), World Health Organization (WHO) [4] and harmonized criteria which includes central obesity, elevated triglyceride (TG), reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL), raised blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [4]
The calorie intake was higher in Metabolic syndrome 1 (MetS1) compared to C and PA extract (PAE) after 8 weeks due to higher fructose intake
Summary
Metabolic syndrome is a continuous growing problem consists of multiple metabolic dysfunctions cluster such as central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia that lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1], diabetes and stroke [2]. Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed when someone has central obesity with any of two of the risk factors [5]. Metabolic syndrome is a non-communicable disease inclusive of risk factors such as central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. In this present study, we investigated the ability of Pandanus amaryllifolius (PA) leaf water extract to reverse the cluster of diseases in an established rat model induced by fructose in drinking water
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