The Effects of Oral L-Carnitine Supplementation on Physical Capacity and Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

Background: It is well known that the physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients decreases compared to that in normal subjects. In order to investigate the effects of <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine on physical capacity and lipid metabolism, a cardiopulmonary exercise test using a bicycle ergometer was performed before and after 3 months of oral <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine supplementation under double-blind conditions. Methods and Results: A total of 20 stable outpatients undergoing hemodialysis treatment were randomly divided into 2 groups: controls receiving placebo and patients receiving 900 mg <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine p.o. daily. The levels of free and acyl carnitine increased significantly from 22.9 ± 7.3 to 149.9 ± 51.8 μmol/l and from 16.0 ± 2.8 to 100.3 ± 50.2 μmol/l, respectively, in the <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine group; however, there was no significant change in other plasma lipid profiles. The exercise time was decreased and the heart rate at the anaerobic threshold was increased in the control group 3 months after the study period, but there were no such changes observed in the <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine group. The minute ventilation/CO₂ output slope increased significantly from 38.9 ± 7.8 to 43.8 ± 11.8 in the <smlcap>L</smlcap>-carnitine group. It has been speculated that a shift in the energy source occurs from carbohydrate to lipid, in terms of an increase of oxygen demand. Conclusion:<smlcap>L</smlcap>-Carnitine supplementation might have some beneficial effects on the physical capacity of chronic hemodialysis patients due to the improvement of the lipid metabolism in the muscle.