The effects of nitric oxide–cGMP pathway stimulation on dopamine in the medial preoptic area and copulation in DHT-treated castrated male rats

Abstract

Dopamine (DA) in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) provides important facilitative influence on male rat copulation. We have shown that the nitric oxide–cGMP (NO–cGMP) pathway modulates MPOA DA levels and copulation. We have also shown that systemic estradiol (E 2) maintains neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity in the MPOA of castrates, as well as relatively normal DA levels. This effect of E 2 on nNOS probably accounts for at least some of the previously demonstrated behavioral facilitation by intra-MPOA E 2 administration in castrates. Therefore, we hypothesized that stimulation of the MPOA NO–cGMP pathway in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated castrates should restore DA levels and copulatory behaviors. Reverse-dialysis of a NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), increased extracellular DA in the MPOA of DHT-treated castrates and restored the ability to copulate to ejaculation in half of the animals. A cGMP analog, 8-Br-cGMP, also increased extracellular DA, though not as robustly, but did not restore copulatory ability. The effectiveness of the NO donor in restoring copulation and MPOA DA levels is consistent with our hypothesis. However, the lack of behavioral effects of 8-Br-cGMP, despite its increase in MPOA DA, suggests that NO may have additional mediators in the MPOA in the regulation of copulation. Furthermore, the suboptimal copulation seen in the NO donor-treated animals suggests the importance of extra-MPOA systems in the regulation of copulation.