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Abstract
Objective: Carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP) is a non-collagen protein analog with the ability of dentinremineralization, and gypsum is a compound material than can facilitate application of CMC/ACP. CMC/ACP concentration is claimed to increasecalcium and phosphate concentration, which indicates dentin remineralization. The aim of this study is to observe the effects of different concentrationsof CMC/ACP mixed with gypsum on dentin remineralization.Methods: Occlusal cavities were created in 18 freshly extracted teeth, and the teeth were divided into three groups. The first group consisted ofuntreated demineralized dentin, and the second and third groups were treated with mixtures of 2.5% and 5% CMC/ACP and gypsum. All groupswere checked and analyzed on the 14th day using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and one-way ANOVA (p<0.05).Results: Significant differences (p=0.001) of calcium and phosphate concentrations were found between Groups I, II, and III (p=0.001), whereas nodifferences were found between Groups II and III.Conclusion: Gypsum and CMC/ACP work synergistically to induce dentin remineralization. The highest dentin remineralization was shown by 5%CMC/ACP-gypsum mixture, but the level was not statistically different from that of 2.5% CMC/ACP-gypsum mixture.
Highlights
Gypsum, or calcium sulfate, is a biocompatible regenerative material that releases calcium ions
Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is a saturated solution of calcium phosphate particles in amorphous form. As it acts as a bioapatite precursor in the transition phase of biomineralization, stabilizing it requires the use of an analogous material with several carboxyl groups, such as carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), to bind the calcium ions [4,5]
Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), this study analyzes the effects of various concentrations of Carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP) mixed with gypsum on dentin remineralization
Summary
Calcium sulfate, is a biocompatible regenerative material that releases calcium ions. It is absorbed without inducing an inflammatory response [1,2]. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is a saturated solution of calcium phosphate particles in amorphous form. As it acts as a bioapatite precursor in the transition phase of biomineralization, stabilizing it requires the use of an analogous material with several carboxyl groups, such as carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), to bind the calcium ions [4,5]. Chen et al [6] and Annisa [7] used CMC/ACP as the material for intrafibrillar dentin remineralization in vitro
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