Abstract
Objective. Little research has been done regarding the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on the PMS symptoms and depression and anxiety symptoms in women with PMS. Design. In a randomized controlled trial, a total of 60 students at Mazandaran University with mild to moderate PMS who had depressive symptoms (Beck depression scores 16–47) were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n = 30) or a control (n = 30) group. The experimental group received MBCT in eight group sessions (120 min each) over 8 weeks. The control group received no intervention. All participants completed the Premenstrual Assessment Scale (PAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at the beginning and the end of the study. Repeated-measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results. At the end of study, the experimental and control groups showed the following scores, respectively (mean ± SD): depression, 15.73 ± 6.99 and 25.36 ± 7.14; anxiety, 16.96 ± 7.78 and 26.60 ± 9.38; and total PAS, 42.86 ± 8.02 and 58.93 ± 8.47. MBCT improved depression and anxiety symptoms and total PAS score. Conclusion. MBCT intervention is acceptable and potentially beneficial in women with PMS symptoms. Psychotherapy should be considered as a treatment option for mild to moderate PMS in women with depressive symptoms.
Highlights
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) has various psychological and physical symptoms that recur regularly beginning 7–14 days before the onset of menstruation [1]
We examined the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with PMS who had depressive symptoms
Our study is the first to show that MBCT improves depression, anxiety, and symptoms of PMS
Summary
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) has various psychological (anxiety, depression, hostility, poor concentration, confusion, social disturbance, and interpersonal conflicts) and physical (insomnia or hypersomnia, headache, pelvic pain and discomfort, breast tenderness, joint pain, and feeling overwhelmed) symptoms that recur regularly beginning 7–14 days before the onset of menstruation [1]. 75% of reproductive age women experience some PMS symptoms [2]. Women with PMS reported a poorer quality of life and required increased pharmacological treatment [5]. FarrokhEslamlou et al showed that quality of life, psychological and social components, mental health, and environmental health, decreased in medical students with PMS [6]. There is convincing evidence that women with severe PMS have fewer relationships [7, 8]. PMS has a negative impact on the relationship of women with their partners and children, as well as in domestic responsibilities [7, 9]
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