The effects of meal patterns on liver steatosis, fibrosis, and biochemical factors in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Abstract

This study was designed to compare the effects of four meal patterns on liver steatosis, fibrosis, and biochemical factors in patients with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The 12-week intervention was performed on 123 patients with NAFLD who were randomly allocated into four groups: "3-meals", "skipping breakfast", "skipping dinner", and " 3 meals and 3 snacks per day." group. The assessment of liver steatosis, fibrosis, biochemical factors, and anthropometrical evaluation were performed at baseline and at end of the study. A significant improvement was found in the liver steatosis and fibrosis among the patients who consumed 3 meals, 3 snacks compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). In addition, a higher reduction was observed in serum levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT) (20.93 ± 23.37mg/dl, P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (17.15 ± 16.48mg/dl, P < 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT) (13.43 ± 13.41mg/dl; P < 0.001), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK) (47.19 ± 60.51mg/dl; P = 0.004) in patients who consumed 3 meals, 3 snacks, while the concentration of liver enzymes in patients who consumed 3 meals increased significantly. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in the fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentration in the "skipping breakfast" group (17.51 ± 38.85mg/dl; P = 0.011) and "3-meals" group (17.51 ± 38.85mg/dl, P = 0.03). Consuming 3 meals, 3 snack per day significantly improves disease severity and biochemical factors in NAFLD patients. Further studies are warranted. : IRCT20201010048982N2. Name of the registry: Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Date of registration: 2021-08-22, 1400/05/31. URL of trial registry record: https://www.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20201010048982N2. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01375-2.