Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 12 studies to examine whether maxillary protraction face mask associated with rapid maxillary expansion (FM/RME) could be an effective treatment for Class III malocclusion and to evaluate the effect of timing on treatment response. Patients with a maxillary deficiency who were treated with FM with or without RME were compared with those who had an untreated Class III malocclusion. In both treatment groups, forward displacement of the maxilla and skeletal changes were found to be statistically significant. In addition, posterior rotation of the mandible and increased facial height were more evident in the FM group compared with the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the early treatment groups and late treatment groups. The results indicated that both FM/RME and FM therapy produced favorable skeletal changes for correcting anterior crossbite, and the curative time was not affected by the presence of deciduous teeth, early mixed dentition or late mixed dentition in the patient.
Highlights
Mandibular or mandibular dentition prognathism, retrusive maxillary or maxillary dentition, and combinations of these components may lead to a Class III malocclusion[1–5]
Seventy-five percent of skeletal Class III malocclusions are caused by maxillary retrognathism or a combination of maxillary retrognathism and mandibular prognathism
The publications had to reach the following standards to meet the strict inclusive criteria: i) the study concentrated on the treatment efficacy of face mask (FM) or face mask associated with rapid maxillary expansion (FM/rapid maxillary expansion (RME)) and the relationship between timing factors and maxillary protraction; ii) all patients had clinical Class III malocclusion from the period of early mixed dentition to early permanent dentition, and their ages ranged from seven to fourteen years old; iii) the study provided the original data, or we were able to obtain the data from the primary data; and iv) the study was a case-control study or a randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Summary
Mandibular or mandibular dentition prognathism, retrusive maxillary or maxillary dentition, and combinations of these components may lead to a Class III malocclusion[1–5]. Seventy-five percent of skeletal Class III malocclusions are caused by maxillary retrognathism or a combination of maxillary retrognathism and mandibular prognathism. Several authors have agreed that maxillary retrusion is the most common contributing component of Class III features[5,6]. Because the possibility of Class III malocclusion characterized by maxillary hypoplasia should be considered, it has become more important to use devices that encourage maxillary growth. Several techniques have been described to effectively protract the maxilla, including the use of a face mask (FM) or reverse chin cup and the application of direct force via ankylosed primary canines[7–13].
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