Abstract
It is undeniable that the increasing of the population in the developing countries is an anxiety, therefore finding safe and effective contraceptive materials can be very useful. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of <em>Anethum graveolens</em> L. on the reproductive system of male rat and CREM gene expression in testis of rat. Animals were randomly divided into two groups of control (treated with normal salin for the period of 56 days, n = 8) and experimental (treated with 150 mg/kg/day of <em>Anethum graveolens</em> extract for 56 days, n = 8). RT-PCR and histological studies, hormonal assay and sperm analysis were carried out for evaluating of extract on reproductive function of rat. Results indicated no significant differences between body weights of control and experimental groups. Sperm counts and motility were reduced however there was an increase sperm abnormality by applying of extract. Indeed existence of disorganized germinal epitheliums, degeneration, necrotic cells in some of seminiferous tubules and lower concentration of sperms in the center of seminiferous tubules of experimental group was noticeable. Results also showed reduction in the diameter of seminiferous tubules of experimental groups comparing with control groups. Administration of extract caused a significant decline in the plasma level of testosterone. Our RT-PCR data revealed that CREM mRNA levels decreased significantly in testes from the experimental group in compared to control group. In conclusion <em>Anethum graveolens</em> has strong anti-spermatogenic activity by decreasing sperm parameters. This study strongly proposes that this plant can be a good candidate for manufacturing antifertility drugs.
Highlights
It is undeniable that the increasing of the population in the developing countries is an anxiety, finding safe and effective contraceptive materials can be very useful
Medicinal plants have been used safely to control fertility. This has led to a search for new antifertility phytochemical forms of natural products
Whereas no literature was found about the effects of Anethum graveolens L. on the reproductive system of male rat, this study investigated the effects of this medicinal plant extracts on the male reproductive functions and CREM gene expression in testis of rat
Summary
It is undeniable that the increasing of the population in the developing countries is an anxiety, finding safe and effective contraceptive materials can be very useful. Fertility control through natural products is being given great attention by WHO (Sailani and Moeini, 2007). Medicinal plants have been used safely to control fertility. This has led to a search for new antifertility phytochemical forms of natural products. Anethum graveolens L. a member of the Umbelliferae family, has pharmacological effects such as antibacterial activity (Delaquis et al, 2002), antihyperlipidemic and antihypercholesterolemic effects (Yazdanparast and Alavi, 2001) and antiproliferative activity (Nakano et al, 1998). As a traditional medicine, Anethum graveolens increases milk production and promotes menstruation (Weiss, 2001). As a traditional medicine, Anethum graveolens increases milk production and promotes menstruation (Weiss, 2001). cAMP-
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