Abstract
The effect of He–Ne laser irradiation on fishery parameters as well as on biochemical state, including the lipids and fatty acids, the activity of energy metabolism enzymes and the proteome in the blastula stage and in underyearlings of wild Atlantic salmon after irradiation at the cleavage stage/early blastula (considered as the stages when the cell has a high potential for differentiation) was studied. Low mortality rates of eggs were determined during embryogenesis, as well as increased weight gain and lower morality rates of underyearlings in the experimental group. This is confirmed by changes in a number of interrelated indicators of lipid metabolism: a decrease in total lipids content, including diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and the phospholipids content remained unchanged. The embryos in the blastula stage (experimental group) had higher aerobic capacity and an increase in pentose phosphate pathway activity. The proteome profiles of eggs in the blastula stage were 131 proteins, of which 48 were significantly identified. The major protein was found to be phosvitin. The proteomes of underyearlings were represented by 2018 proteins, of which 49 were unique for the control and 39 for the experimental group. He–Ne laser irradiation had a strong effect on the contents of histone proteins.
Highlights
A promising approach in fish farming and aquaculture is the application of techniques from quantum biology
The results of ichthyological studies and fish-breeding observations of the growth and development of Atlantic salmon under artificial rearing conditions after laser irradiation of fertilized eggs at the stage of cleavage/early blastula showed that during the incubation period, the loss of eggs (% of mortality) in the experimental group was 3.5% compared with 8.2% in the control group
The analysis showed that the “strongest” classifiers between groups were L-rhamnosebinding lectin CSL3-like, pentaxin, cathepsin D, serine protease-like protein, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase according to the mean decrease in Gini coefficient (MDG) (Table 5)
Summary
A promising approach in fish farming and aquaculture is the application of techniques from quantum biology. Even a single stimulatory treatment with laser irradiation during embryogenesis in fish increases their survival rates [6]. For instance, that in some fish species irradiation of eggs with He–Ne lasers during the gastrulation and embryonic motoric stages increased the survival of embryos and the hatching ratio of normal larvae, whereas irradiation during the organogenesis stage had a negative effect on the embryonic and early larval development of the fish [10,11]. Fish farmers often report Saprolegnia fungal infections on fertilized eggs [12], and treatment with laser irradiation during embryonic stages suppressed the fungus, raising the survival rate of the embryos
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