The Effects of Leaders’ Affect: An Integrative Perspective Based on Multi-level Theories

Abstract

Leaders' affect influences subordinates' performance and team performance. However, the mechanisms for effect of leaders' affect are not clear. Drawing on affective events theory and emotional contagion theory, this paper develops a multi-level theoretical model to explain effect of leaders' affect at different levels. Firstly, at the individual level, leaders' affect influences subordinates' performance through subordinates' affect. In particular, emotional contagion and leader behaviors account for the relationship between leaders' affect and followers' affect. Secondly, at the team level, individuals' affect converge and form group affective tone through emotional contagion processes. Group affective tone in turn influences team process and thereafter shapes team performance. Implications and future research directions are discussed.