Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to explore the effects of l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, and propionyl-l-carnitine on Body Mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies of l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, and propionyl-l-carnitine in T2DM patients were searched. The change rates of Body Mass index (BMI) from baseline values were used as an evaluation indicator. The maximal effect (Emax) model by non-linear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) was used as the evaluation method.Results: A total of 10 RCT studies, 1239 T2DM patients were included for analysis, including eight studies of l-carnitine, one study of acetyl-l-carnitine, and one study of propionyl-l-carnitine. The study found that l-carnitine could reduce the Body Mass of T2DM patients. Based on only one study each for acetyl-l-carnitine and propionyl-l-carnitine, no significant effects were found in acetyl-l-carnitine or propionyl-l-carnitine. In addition, in order to achieve a plateau of efficacy (80% Emax), 2 g/day l-carnitine was required for at least 2 weeks.Conclusions: Two g/day l-carnitine was required for at least 2 weeks to affect Body Mass in T2DM patients, and no significant effects were found in acetyl-l-carnitine or propionyl-l-carnitine.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic degenerative disease where the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin and/or the insulin produced is inefficient, causing hyperglycemia, is a major health problem and one of the top 10 causes of mortality worldwide [1]
Two g/day l-carnitine was required for at least 2 weeks to affect Body Mass in T2DM patients, and no significant effects were found in acetyl-l-carnitine or propionyl-l-carnitine
- The present study analyzed the effects of l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, and propionyl-l-carnitine on Body Mass in T2DM patients
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic degenerative disease where the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin and/or the insulin produced is inefficient, causing hyperglycemia, is a major health problem and one of the top 10 causes of mortality worldwide [1]. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2019), 9.3% of adults around the world, amount to 463 million people, have T2DM [1]. This number is expected to increase increase to 700 million people by 2045, which is equivalent to 10.90% of the adult population worldwide [1]. T2DM is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and mortality [2]. Overweight or obesity in T2DM can increase the cardiovascular disease risk and further increase the risk of death, which are important determinants of the prognosis in T2DM patients [5, 6]. Intensive therapy for T2DM patients with overweight or obesity is crucial [2]
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