Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective The natural probiotic kefir is fermented milk, and may have effects on satiety and voluntary energy intake. This randomized crossover trial aimed to determine whether kefir, consumed with low- or high-glycemic index meals, affects appetite and subsequent food intake. Methods Twenty four healthy females aged 21-24 years, were recruited from Erciyes University and the surrounding community. The participants were submitted to three different breakfasts: a low glycemic index accompanied by milk, a low glycemic index with kefir, and a high glycemic index with kefir, with a 1-week washout period between meals. At 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after the meal, appetite ratings were measured by the visual analog scale, and then ad libitum lunch was served. Results No differences in appetite scores and voluntary energy intake were detected between the test meals. Furthermore, palatability ratings were similar between test meals, except for the higher score of high glycemic index kefir for overall palatability. Conclusion This study demonstrated that adding kefir to a high glycemic index meal may prevent increases in appetite and food intake, resulting in postprandial responses similar to those of a low glycemic index meal. These findings might enable the development of novel dietary strategies based on appetite regulation to treat or prevent obesity, particularly for Western societies. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the process NCT03636217.
Highlights
Low-Glycemic Index (GI) diets have been recommended as alternative dietary approaches for managing obesity, given that they may be more effective than traditional energy-restricted low-fat diets at reducing body weights by increasing satiety, decreasing food intake, and controlling glucose and insulin metabolism [1,2,3,4]
This study demonstrated that adding kefir to a high glycemic index meal may prevent increases in appetite and food intake, resulting in postprandial responses similar to those of a low glycemic index meal
These findings might enable the development of novel dietary strategies based on appetite regulation to treat or prevent obesity, for Western societies
Summary
Low-Glycemic Index (GI) diets have been recommended as alternative dietary approaches for managing obesity, given that they may be more effective than traditional energy-restricted low-fat diets at reducing body weights by increasing satiety, decreasing food intake, and controlling glucose and insulin metabolism [1,2,3,4]. Dietary intervention studies have unveiled that probiotics may help to lose weight by providing appetite control, and reducing food intake [9,10]. The potential effects of probiotics combined with low- or high-GI meals/diets on satiety or voluntary food intake remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether kefir, a natural probiotic, would have provided any beneficial effect on appetite and subsequent food intake, when consumed with low- or high-GI meals
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