Abstract
This study tested the effect of isoflavone supplementation in addition to combined exercise training on plasma lipid levels, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Thirty-two healthy and non-obese postmenopausal women without hormone therapy were randomly assigned to exercise + placebo (PLA; n = 15) or exercise + isoflavone supplementation (ISO; n = 17) groups. They performed 30 sessions of combined exercises (aerobic plus resistance) over ten weeks and consumed 100 mg of isoflavone supplementation or placebo. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast to analyze the lipid profile, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), before and after ten weeks of the intervention. There were no differences in the changes (pre vs. post) between groups for any of the inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers or lipid profile variables. However, interleukin-8 was different between pre- and post-tests (p < 0.001) in both groups (Δ = 7.61 and 5.61 pg/mL) as were cholesterol levels (p < 0.05), with no interaction between groups. The combination of isoflavone supplementation and exercise training did not alter oxidative stress markers in postmenopausal women, but exercise training alone may increase IL-8 and decrease total cholesterol levels.
Highlights
The postmenopausal period is often associated with chronic diseases, which demonstrates the importance of prevention strategies
There were no significant differences in dietary protein, fat or carbohydrate ingestion evaluated by food recall during the
Our results indicate that the supplementation of isoflavones when combined with exercise training does not promote additive changes in any of the inflammatory markers or oxidative stress markers measured in postmenopausal women
Summary
The postmenopausal period is often associated with chronic diseases, which demonstrates the importance of prevention strategies. Low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are common changes in postmenopausal women [1,2], and regular physical exercise training and/or. Nutrients 2018, 10, 424 the consumption of phytoestrogens may be important strategies for minimizing or preventing these changes in women [3,4]. Resistance training combined with aerobic exercise has been shown to be effective for reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing antioxidant enzymes [5], as well as reducing total cholesterol levels in obese women more than aerobic exercise alone [6]. Regular exercise plays an important role in increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory agents by adipocytes by reducing visceral and total fat [4]. IL-8 can induce angiogenesis and IL-6 can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), concurrently with an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1ra, when released by exercise [7]
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