The effects of intravenous dextrose 5%, Ringer’s solution, and oral intake on the duration of labor stages in nulliparous women: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Abstract

Background and objectives: Childbirth consists of a three-stage period beginning with uterine contractions and ending in the expulsion of the placenta. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of Ringer’s solution, dextrose solution 5%, and oral intake on the duration of total labor and labor stages (primary outcome) and the frequency of oxytocin administration and prolonged labor (secondary outcome) in nulliparous women with spontaneous vaginal delivery. Materials and methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 201 nulliparous women in labor assigned with a randomized block design to three groups, each receiving either Ringer’s solution plus oral fluids, dextrose solution 5% solution plus oral fluids or oral fluids alone. The solutions were intravenously administered at a rate of 125 ml/h in the groups receiving the solutions and the subjects in the oral fluids group could consume liquids of their choice (water, orange juice, and apple juice). The duration of total labor and labor stages (the active stage, the second, and third stages of labor) were recorded by the researcher in minutes. Furthermore, the frequency of oxytocin administration and prolonged labor were recorded by the researcher by using a checklist. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney’s U-test, chi- square test and Fisher exact test. Results: The mean (±SD) duration of total labor was 301.2 (±50.0) minutes in the Ringer group, 171.9 (±36.4) in the dextrose 5% group, and 524.8 (±103.4) in the oral fluids group, suggesting a statistically significant intergroup difference (p < .001). The mean (±SD) duration of the active stage of labor was 276.7 (±91.3) minutes in the Ringer group, 150.6 (±78.5) in the dextrose 5% group, and 302.4 (±136.8) in the oral fluids group, suggesting a statistically significant intergroup difference (p < .001). A significant difference was also observed between the three groups in terms of the duration of the third stage of labor (p < .001); however, no significant differences were observed in terms of the duration of the second stage of labor (p = .058). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the three groups in terms of the need for oxytocin administration (p ≤ .001) and the frequency of prolonged labor (p = .001). Conclusion: The results suggest that the consumption of dextrose solution by nulliparous women reduces the duration of labor, the need for oxytocin administration and the frequency of prolonged labor compared to when Ringer’s solution and oral fluids are used.