Abstract
Asiatic acid and madecassoside are the two pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds derived from Centella asiatica Linn, which believed to possess major contribution in many related pharmacological activities. This research is conducted to determine the viability and the morphological changes of macrophage cells after treating with individual and combination of the mentioned compounds by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and observing through image analyzer system. Results displayed that only asiatic acid at high doses 25 and 50 μg/mL, exhibited mild inhibition of mouse macrophage cells J774A.1 viability with only the latter dose able to alter the morphology of the cells after 24 hours of treatment. Therefore, both compounds either in sole or mix form were harmless to the cells (IC50 > 50 μg/mL). Interestingly, the combination treatment also enhanced the macrophage cell viability higher than their sole treatment in every concentrations. As a consequence, the bioactive compounds at none-cytotoxic level can be applied in any in-vitro further studies such as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory in order to prove the local traditional claim on the herb and for future benefit in a new prospective of natural product-based drugs development.
Highlights
Macrophage cells are the main component of innate immunity that involved in initial protection against pathogenic microorganisms that encounter host (Weiss and Schaible, 2015)
Results displayed that only asiatic acid (AA) at high doses 25 and 50 μg/ml, exhibited mild inhibition of mouse macrophage cells J774A.1 viability with only the latter dose able to alter the morphology of the cells after 24 hours of treatment
Macrophage cells are the main component of innate immunity that involved in initial protection against pathogenic microorganisms that encounter host (Weiss and Schaible, 2015)
Summary
Macrophage cells are the main component of innate immunity that involved in initial protection against pathogenic microorganisms that encounter host (Weiss and Schaible, 2015). This phagocyte cells ingest microorganisms into vesicles and destroy them by producing toxic substances through specific process called phagocytosis (Lavin et al, 2015; Newton and Dixit, 2012). The released cytokines by macrophage cells mediate cellular reactions of innate immunity. These soluble proteins include tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, and type 1 interferon (IFN) that consist of IFN-α and IFN-β that involved in protection against infection (Sica et al, 2015). The secreted cytokines able to stimulate inflammation and lymphocyte as a response to eliminate microbes (Weiss and Schaible, 2015)
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