Abstract
Abstract Aims: Movement specific warm-up is a widely accepted practice in the sports environment; however, little is known regarding the ideal intensity of its performance. To verify the effects of adding high-intensity sets to the warm-up on strength, muscular electrical activity, and body temperature in the bench press exercise. Methods: Twelve men (21±1.7 years, 23.9±3.5 kg.m2) were evaluated by a maximal repetition test (1-RM), after which the volunteers performed three procedures: Low-intensity warm-up (LIW), low-intensity warm-up with high-intensity sets (WHI), and no warm-up (CON). Next, they performed maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC) of the chest press to assess the electromyographic activity of the pectoralis major, peak rate of force, development (RFDpeak), and maximum strength (Smax). The skin temperature was evaluated before starting the test. Results: No between-condition differences (p≤0.05) were found for Smax (CON = 320.3±83.8 N; LIW = 300.1±131.6 N, HIW = 327.0±113.9 N; p = 0.689), RFDpeak (CON = 4399±1776 Ns-1; LIW = 3476±1905 Ns-1; HIW = 4715±2184 Ns-1; p = 0.243), skin temperature (CON = 34.0±1.0 °C, LIW = 34.9±0.8 °C, HIW = 34.8±1.1 °C; p = 0.078) or myoelectric activity according to the root mean square index of sternocostal (p = 0.402) and clavicular (p = 0.535) heads, as well as the median frequency data of sternocostal (p = 0.169) and clavicular heads (p = 0.456). Conclusion: In conclusion, the proposed warm-up protocols were not able to modify strength, muscle electrical activity, or skin temperature in the bench press exercise.
Highlights
Warming-up is a widely accepted practice in a sporting environment, with coaches and athletes believing it is essential to improve performance in subsequent tasks[1]
Subsequent sessions were used to assess maximal isometric strength, rate of force development, skin temperature, and electromyographic activity in three differ-ent situations: control without warm-up (CON), a low-intensity warm-up (LIW), and a low-intensity warm-up with high-intensity sets (HIW) in a cross-shaped and counterbalanced way
The present study investigated the effect of adding high-intensity sets on specific warm-up on the bench press strength, and the results showed that the Low-intensity warm-up (LIW) or HIW did not change Smax or rate of force development (RFD) in recreational resistance exercise practitioners
Summary
Warming-up is a widely accepted practice in a sporting environment, with coaches and athletes believing it is essential to improve performance in subsequent tasks[1]. The improvement in performance caused by the conditioning activity has been associated with some mechanisms that include neural effects and increased body temperature, anaerobic metabolism, oxygen consumption kinetics, and post-activation potentiation (PAP)[1] For this improvement to materialize in active warm-ups, the intensity seems to be an important factor to consider. According to the systematic review of Maccrary et al.[3], high-intensity conditioning activities for the upper body improved strength and power in 76% of investigated studies, whereas 63% of the low-intensity warm-up studies were not found improvement Besides that, another meta-analysis[4] found that moderate-intensity (60–84% 1RM) exercise is better than very high-intensities (> 85% 1RM) for eliciting PAP in power. This meta-analysis showed that training experience (with better responses in athletes), multiple sets, and moderate rest periods (7 to 10 minutes) improve the PAP effects in power
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