The effects of heating temperatures and time on deformation energy and oil yield of sunflower bulk seeds in compression loading

Abstract

The deformation energy (J) and percentage oil yield (%) of sunflower bulk seeds under the influence of heat treatment temperatures and heating time were examined in compression test using the universal compression testing machine and vessel diameter of 60 mm with a plunger. The heat treatment temperatures were between 40 and 100 °C and the heating time at specific temperatures of 40 and 100 °C ranged from 15 to 75 minutes. The bulk sunflower seeds were measured at a pressing height of 60 mm and pressed at a maximum force of 100 kN and speed of 5 mm/min. Based on the compression results, the deformation energy and oil yield increased along with increasing heat treatment temperatures. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). At a 40 °C heat treatment temperature in relation to varying heating time, deformation energy increased while the percentage oil yield decreased. However, at a 100 °C, the deformation energy almost showed no correlation but the oil yield similarly decreased. From the ANOVA statistical analysis, the effect of heating time at 40 and 100 °C heat treatment temperatures on deformation energy and oil yield was not significant (p > 0.05).