Abstract
Irrational use of antibiotics can cause resistance to some diseases such as bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Previous research said that green betel leaf (Piper betle) contains antimicrobial compounds such as eugenol, cavalry, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids which also have antiseptic power as well as antibiotics. This study aims to prove the decrease in the number of Staphylococcus aureus colonies after giving green betel leaf eye drops (Piper betle) to conjunctivitis Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was true experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. 25 male white Wistar rats as objects were selected by simple random sampling and grouped into 5 groups randomly. The rats were given Staphylococcus aureus, control group K+ was given 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops, and K- was given aquadest as a comparison. Treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 were given different concentrations of betel leaf eye drops. Swab pretest was done 3 days after the rats were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and swab post-test was done 5 days after the rats were given green betel leaf eye drops, the calculation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria colonies used the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the number of bacterial colonies for K-, K+, P1, P2, and P3 groups. In addition, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between K+ with P1 and K+ with P3. There was a decrease in the number of Staphylococcus aureus for all groups of conjunctivitis Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Highlights
The results of this research are following the major and minor hypotheses, which stated that green betel leaf (Piper betle) eye drops effectiveness against Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) conjunctivitis model by Staphylococcus aureus can be seen from the decrease in bacterial colony’s number in each treatment group
On the 8th day of the experiment, the research objects in all groups were given S. aureus bacteria, which is a normal bacterial flora causing acute bacterial conjunctivitis
On day 12, all groups were given different treatments as the first treatment group was given green betel leaf eye drops with a concentration of 50% + Staphylococcus aureus 1.5 x 108 CFU / ml, treatment group 2 was given green betel leaf eye drops with a concentration of 75% + Staphylococcus aureus 1.5 x 108 CFU / ml and treatment group 3 was given green betel leaf eye drops with a concentration of 100% + Staphylococcus aureus 1.5 x 108 CFU / ml
Summary
Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory process caused by both infection and non-infection of the conjunctiva, which is characterized by vascular dilatation, cellular infiltration, and exudation (Vaughan et al, 2016). In Indonesia, conjunctivitis cases is ranked in the top 10 most outpatient diseases in 2009. Out of 135,749 patients who visited the eye clinic, 73% among them were conjunctivitis cases (Kemenkes RI, 2010). Conjunctivitis is the most common eye disease in the world. Conjunctivitis is ranked number 3 in the world after cataracts and glaucoma, especially conjunctivitis, which spreads very quickly. This disease varies from mild hyperemia with watery eyes to severe with thick purulent secretions. The most common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis are gram-positive microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Afjeiee et al, 2013).
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