Abstract
This paper describes the low NOx emissions achieved by a non-premixed, direct fuel-injection burner, equipped with a unique double swirler for gas turbine combustors. The burner has circular and annular air channels to which swirlers are fitted. The inner channel converges into a throat, and gaseous fuel is injected into the air flow by a multihole fuel nozzle. The NOx emissions and combustion efficiency of the double-swirler burner with natural gas fueling were compared with those of conventional swirl burners of different hub diameters. The measurements of gaseous species concentration in the combustion region at the flame tube exit were made at atmospheric pressure; at inlet air temperatures of 650, 950, and 1100 K; and at equivalence ratios down to the lean flame stability limit. Among the burners tested, the double-swirler burner achieved the lowest NOx emissions level: at 1800 K gas temperature and 15 m/s reference air velocity, the emissions indices for NOx with the double-swirler burner, and the conventional small-hub swirler and large-hub swirler burners were 0.5, 1.1, and 2.2 g/kg fuel, respectively. The reasons that the double-swirler burner achieved the lowest NOx emissions are discussed on the basis of the profiles of gaseous species concentration and gas temperature as well as on the data of fuel-air mixing in the combustion region.
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