Abstract
Polyphenols are plant derived nutrients that influence oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore may have positive benefits on cognition and lung function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of fruit derived polyphenol intakes on cognition and lung capacity in healthy adults. In August 2020 and October 2021, Medline and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant studies examining the effects of fruit derived polyphenol intakes on cognition and/or lung function in healthy adults (<70 years old). Fourteen studies related to cognition (409 healthy subjects) and seven lung/respiratory studies (20,788 subjects) were used for the systematic review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The meta-analysis (using six cognition and three lung function studies) indicated a protective effect on lung function from dietary intakes of fruit-derived polyphenols. Neither a benefit nor decrement from fruit-derived polyphenol intakes were detected for cognition. Human intervention trials examining the effects of polyphenol supplementation on lung function in healthy adults are scarce and intervention studies are warranted. More conclusive results are needed to provide recommendations for polyphenol supplementation to support aspects of cognition.
Highlights
Respiratory dysfunction has been implicated and correlated with cognitive dysfunction, and pulmonary function and respiratory disease have been identified as risk markers for dementia [11,12,13]
The meta-analysis of the cross-sectional studies in this review indicates a strong protective effect from various classes of polyphenols, including anthocyanins, on pulmonary function parameters and indicate that diets high in polyphenol rich fruits are associated with better lung function scores (FVC and FEV1 )
The relationship between the intakes of polyphenol rich foods and lung function are based on cross-sectional findings only, and few well controlled studies using healthy, human adults exist. This highlights the paucity of research in both the areas of cognition and lung-function in healthy adults, and further high-quality randomised control trials are warranted in order to bridge the gap from clinical findings to clinical application. Lung function in those consuming fruit-derived polyphenols appears to be superior to the non-consumers
Summary
Introduction and Silvia Di GiacomoThe adverse effects of air pollution on health outcomes have been extensively documented and associations have been found between particulate matter and mortality and morbidity [1,2], the majority of which have been attributed to cardiovascular causes.More recently, adverse effects of ozone exposure have been described in the central nervous system (CNS) and associated with neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease [3,4], cognitive decline and dementia [5], and neuroinflammation [6].The pathways underlying these effects are complex and poorly understood; particulate-induced oxidative stress repeatedly emerges as a potential mechanism in all these detrimental cardiovascular, respiratory, and cognitive actions.The primary role of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to body tissue, and is susceptible to oxidative stress due to the large surface area of the lungs and the environment at the alveoli [7]. Adverse effects of ozone exposure have been described in the central nervous system (CNS) and associated with neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease [3,4], cognitive decline and dementia [5], and neuroinflammation [6]. The pathways underlying these effects are complex and poorly understood; particulate-induced oxidative stress repeatedly emerges as a potential mechanism in all these detrimental cardiovascular, respiratory, and cognitive actions.
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