Abstract
BackgroundHigh-quality training is required to improve the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills. Although it has been reported that the use of a feedback device is effective, the effects of feedback timing and frequency on CPR training have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of feedback frequency and timing on the acquisition of CPR skills.MethodsSixty-eight undergraduates were first divided into female (n = 32) and male (n = 36) groups, and randomly assigned to one of four groups for each sex: concurrent-100%, concurrent-50%, terminal-100%, and terminal-50% feedback groups. The randomization was performed using a lottery method. This study consisted of a pre-test, practice sessions, a post-test, and a follow-up test. In the practice sessions, the participants performed six 2-minute CPR sessions in accordance with the condition assigned using mannequins and feedback devices. The post-test was conducted 24 hours after the completion of the practice sessions and the follow-up test was conducted 3 months after the completion of the practice sessions. The primary outcome of the study was the overall score at the follow-up test.ResultsThe results of the overall score at the follow-up test for each group were 88.2 ± 9.6% for concurrent-100%, 92.2 ± 6.4% for concurrent-50%, 82.6 ± 16.4% for terminal-100%, and 85.2 ± 16.9% for terminal-50%. We did not find any statistically significant difference for the overall score at the follow-up test among the four groups (p = 0.173). The ANOVA for the test sessions revealed that there were no significant main effects of feedback timing (p = 0.135) or frequency (p = 0.765), and no significant interaction between timing and frequency (p = 0.997).ConclusionThe present study reveals that the use of feedback devices is an important factor for higher quality CPR training, regardless of the timing and frequency with which they are used.
Highlights
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major global public health issue and one of the leading causes of death in many regions worldwide [1,2,3]
The present study reveals that the use of feedback devices is an important factor for higher quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, regardless of the timing and frequency with which they are used
Direct comparisons cannot be made as the content of the feedback, the content of the practice, and the amount of practice varies, our study showed a high performance in the follow-up tests despite setting a longer follow-up period than that in the study conducted by Spooner et al One of the factors regarding the fact that the retention of CPR skills from post-test to follow-up tests in our study were better than reports from previous studies might be the effect of overlearning [26,27]
Summary
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major global public health issue and one of the leading causes of death in many regions worldwide [1,2,3]. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of public-access automated external defibrillators (AEDs) by bystanders has been shown to increase the survival rate after OHCA [4,5]. It has been reported over the years that the proportion of bystander CPR performed and the quality of CPR remains low [6]. It has been clarified that high-quality CPR improves the survival rates after OHCA and improves patients’ outcomes [7,8,9,10]. High-quality training is required to improve the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of feedback frequency and timing on the acquisition of CPR skills
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