Abstract
BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries may correlate with lower limb angles and biomechanical factors in both dominant and non-dominant legs at initial contact (IC) post-landing. This study aims to investigate the correlation between ankle angles in three axes at IC and knee and hip joint angles during post-spike landings in professional volleyball players, both pre- and post-fatigue induction. Research questionTo what extent does fatigue influence lower limb joint angles, and what is the relationship between ankle joint angles and hip and knee angles at IC during the landing phase following a volleyball spike? MethodsUnder conditions involving the peripheral fatiguing protocol, the lower limb joint angles at IC following post-spike landings were measured in 28 professional male volleyball players aged between 19 and 28 years, who executed the Bosco fatigue protocol both before and after inducing fatigue. A paired t-test was utilized to compare the joint angles pre- and post-fatigue in both dominant and non-dominant legs. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation test was conducted to explore the relationship between ankle angles at IC and the corresponding knee and hip joint angles. ResultsThe findings of the study revealed that fatigue significantly increased hip external rotation and decreased knee joint flexion and external rotation in both the dominant and non-dominant legs (p < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analysis demonstrated that the ankle joint's positioning in the frontal and horizontal planes was significantly associated with hip flexion and external rotation at the IC, as well as with knee flexion and rotation (0.40 < r < 0.80). ConclusionFatigue increased hip external rotation and ankle internal rotation, weakening the correlation between these joints while strengthening the ankle-knee relationship, indicating a reduced hip control in jumps. This suggests a heightened ACL injury risk in the dominant leg due to the weakened ankle-hip connection, contrasting with the non-dominant leg.
Published Version
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