The effects of fast and normal charging, driving cycle, and a 24-hour regional climate on the performance of electric vehicle batteries

Abstract

Battery performance is significantly influenced by temperature; therefore, many plug-in electric cars and battery-powered vehicles employ thermal management strategies to improve battery efficiency. The study includes the modeling of an electric vehicle battery pack to simulate the effects of different driving cycles, charging conditions, environmental conditions, and fast and normal charging with different HTC values. The equivalent circuit model was used to simulate the 18650 batteries consisting of 72 cells in a 6S12P configuration. The battery pack was then tested with realistic HWFET, US06, and UDDS drive cycles matched to the dimensions of the battery pack, and the battery pack was examined for the effects of fast and normal charging. The model predicted how the cell will behave thermally when subjected to stress from variables like excessive consumption of power and high surrounding temperatures. In the stress scenario, a significant temperature increase was observed during the US06 drive cycle, followed by the HWFT and UDDS drive cycles. Due to the high ambient temperature in New Delhi during the rest cycle, it takes a while for the battery pack temperature to reach the ambient temperature. Fast charging is causing damage to batteries since the temperature of the battery rises as a result of the high charging rate, resulting in lower battery life when compared to normal charging.