Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medicinal plants are one of the most important natural resources in each country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of ethanol and methanol extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves, Peganum harmala, Salvia officinalis, and Querqus brantii on the growth and formation of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Following evaluation of the susceptibility of the studied Staphylococcus aureus strain to various antibiotics, the growth inhibitory effect of extracts on the bacterium was investigated by disc diffusion method and then the inhibitory effect of the extracts on biofilm formation was evaluated in 96 well micro-titer plates. The means were compared with ANOVA test. Results: The results from antibacterial effect of the extracts showed that the methanol extract of Peganum harmala and Querqus brantii seeds at 350 and 450 mg/ml concentrations had a greater inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus than other extracts as well as synthetic antibiotics. The results from anti-biofilm formation effect of the extracts showed that methanol extract of Salvia officinalis leaves and Querqus brantii seeds at 350 mg/ml concentration, and ethanol extract of Salvia officinalis leaves at 350 mg/ml concentration were the lowest concentrations that showed the greatest inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Other extracts inhibited biofilm formation by this bacterium in higher concentrations. The lowest anti-biofilm effect on Staphylococcus aureus was observed by ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf. Conclusion: The studied extracts in this study, especially the methanol extracts of Salvia officinalis leaves and Peganum harmala seeds, and ethanol extract of Salvia officinalis leaves are good solutions for S. aureus infection and biofilms formation control and are suggested that be evaluated in In vivo experiments and clinical applications.
Highlights
Background and ObjectivesMedicinal plants are one of the most important natural resources in each country
در مطالعه حاضر غلظت 350میل یگرم بر میل یلیتر عصار‌ههای متانولی مریم گلی و اسفند و همین غلظت از عصاره اتانولی مریم گلی ،کمترین غلظ تهایی بودند که بیشترین اثر مهاری را بر تشکیل بیوفیلم نشان دادند و این در حالی بود که عصار‌ههای دیگر نیز در غلظ تهای بالاتر تشکیل بیوفیلم را مهار کردند .عصار‌ههای اتانولی و متانولی سدر کمترین اثر مهاری را بر تشکیل بیوفیلم
اولین مطالعه روی اثر ضد بیوفیلمی گیاه بلوط در سال 2017توسط بهار و همکاران صورت گرفت .آ نها از عصاره آبی میوه بلوط استفاده کرده و اثر آن را بر تشکیل بیوفیلم توسط چهار باکتری شامل پسودوموناس آئروژینوزا ،اشرشیا کلی، استافیلوکوکوس اپیدرمیدیس و استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس بررسی کردند .عصاره در غلظت 1/2میل یگرم بر میل یلیتر استفاده شد و بیشترین اثر مهاری آن 61درصد روی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس بود .در این مطالعه ،غلظ تهای بیشتر عصاره استفاده نشده است [ .]27این مطالعه اولین گزارش اثر ضد بیوفیلمی عصاره دانه بلوط بر استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس است و عصاره اتانولی آن تأثیر ضد بیوفیلمی بیشتری نسبت به عصاره متانولی روی این باکتری
Summary
Background and ObjectivesMedicinal plants are one of the most important natural resources in each country.
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