Abstract
The treatment of peri-implantitis implies the decontamination of the surface of the fixture. This study aims to analyze the effect of the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Er: YAG) on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium. 30 titanium SLA disks were divided into three groups. In Group 1, the disks were left intact; on the contrary, both Groups 2 and 3 were irradiated with the Er: YAG laser at different settings, with a pulse duration of 300 μs and a period of 30 s. Group 2 was irradiated at 1 W and 100 mJ/pulse and Group 3 at 4 W and 400 mJ/pulse. The superficial changes at chemical, nano, and microscopical levels were detected through the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Dunn–Bonferroni Post Hoc analysis, detected the presence of statistically significant differences among the groups. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that Er: YAG irradiation promoted a significant (p < 0.05) increase of oxides and a decrease of microscopical roughness and porosity on SLA disks. However, the protocol tested on group 3 seemed to be too aggressive for the titanium surface, as shown by the presence of micro-cracks and signs of coagulation, melting, and microfractures. In conclusion, Group 2 showed significantly minor surface alterations with respect to Group 3, and the increase of superficial oxide level, the decrease of porosity, and micro-roughness represent a positive alteration that could protect the materials against bacterial adhesion.
Highlights
Dental implants are widely used for the rehabilitation of partially or fully edentulous patients.Today, one in four patients rehabilitated with the implant-supported prosthesis are likely to undergo a peri-implant disease at some point in their life [1]
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects at the chemical, nano and microscopical level of different powers and durations of Er: YAG laser irradiation on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium disks in order to find the better clinical protocol
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects at the chemical, nano and microscopical level and durations of Er: YAG laser irradiation on SLA titanium disks in order 3tooffind the better clinical protocol
Summary
Dental implants are widely used for the rehabilitation of partially or fully edentulous patients. One in four patients rehabilitated with the implant-supported prosthesis are likely to undergo a peri-implant disease at some point in their life [1]. Materials 2020, 13, 4174 peri-implant disease are partly similar to those of periodontal disease: the high presence of biofilm around the implants is the predisposing factor for the development of peri-implant pathology [3,4]. The recognized risk indicators of peri-implantitis include the history of severe periodontitis, poor plaque control, and lack of periodic dental check-ups. Little literature allows us to draw conclusions on the role of keratinized gingiva, occlusal overload, bone tissue compression, its overheating and necrosis, micro-movements, the presence of titanium particles in peri-implant tissues, and bio-corrosion [5]
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