The effects of drilling fluids and environment protection from pollutants using some models

Abstract

Among the problems faced by the oil industry the environmental pollution caused by drilling oil wells is, due to the increasing energy demand, heavy reliance on oil share drilling operations are important and vital. The drilling process uses drilling fluids and generates waste fluids and cuttings. Drilling fluids used in drilling operations are including water based drilling fluids (WBF), oil based fluids (OBF) and synthetic based fluids (SBF). The wastes generated in the largest volumes during drilling oil and gas wells are drilling fluids and cuttings. There are several options to manage drilling wastes: discharge, down-hole injection and onshore disposal. In many regions of the world, some types of drilling fluids and drill cuttings may be discharged to the sea if they meet certain environmental requirements. Drilling fluids have operational properties including: maintaining pressure, removing cuttings from the borehole, cooling and lubricating and etc. One of the most particular activities in the industrial world is oil drilling industry like any other industrial activity in the waste and wast returns to the environmental and a plan for processing, refining, and there not delete it Long-term adverse effects of climate on the environment will be lasting. Some of fluids have negative impacts on workforce skin and environment for example base oils/solvents type OBF. In general, SBF have substantially lower environmental impacts than OBF. For preventing of fluids dangerous effects Health, safety and environmental (HSE) experts must be managed their impacts in drilling projects. Also the use of isotherms and kinetics models when using the sorbent to remove pollutants such as heavy metals contained in the fluid and drilling mud to describe the adsorption process was very efficient and the Langmuir and Freundlich models usually have better performance for removing of pollutants into environment protection.