Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of wood, styrofoam and plastic beehives on propolis production and phenolic content. In this study, propolis was obtained in three different periods as follows: before, during and after honey production. The yield and quality of the collected raw propolis samples were analyzed. Total phenolic (TP) content, total tannin (TT) content, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and phenolic composition were determined as propolis quality parameters. The highest propolis production was determined in wood beehives, followed by styrofoam and plastic beehives in this study. The analysis of temporal propolis production demonstrated that 9.29 ± 11.37 g was produced in post-season, 2.88 ± 4.48 g was produced in the season, and 1.23 ± 0.80 g was produced in pre-season. Duncan and LSD multiple comparison tests, which were conducted to compare the hive groups and the collection periods, demonstrated that the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the highest TP and FRAP values were found in plastic beehives, suggesting that the propolis phenolic content and antioxidant capacity varied based on the hive type and collection period.
Highlights
Propolis is a highly complex resinous substance collected by honeybees from the fresh plant buds or secretions and mixed with beeswax and utilized for different purposes in the hive and includes more than 300 primary compounds (Guo et al, 2015)
3.1 Propolis production This study was conducted with wooden, Styrofoam, and plastic beehives in three periods, namely pre-season, honey
Kiziltas; Erkan production season, and post-season, and propolis production is presented in Table 1 based on hive type and production period
Summary
Propolis is a highly complex resinous substance collected by honeybees from the fresh plant buds or secretions and mixed with beeswax and utilized for different purposes in the hive and includes more than 300 primary compounds (Guo et al, 2015). Demand for propolis products, such as skin lotions, beauty creams and balms, massage oils and lotions, shampoos, soaps, lipsticks, gums, toothpaste, sunscreens and lozenges, increases every day This natural bee product is an indispensable apitherapy agent, which has a wide biological activity spectrum due to antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral properties (Kujumgiev et al, 1999; Amini-Sarteshnizi et al, 2015). The composition of propolis varies based on the plant flora, collection period, hive type, beekeeper performance and hive condition, it usually includes approximately 40-50% balsam, 20-30% wax, 5-10% essential oils, 1-5% pollen and 5% various organic compounds (Pietta et al, 2002; Bankova et al, 2019). The propolis yield and quality were investigated using wooden, plastic and styrofoam hives
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