The effects of Dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with complications of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder in which concomitant insulin resistance and beta-cell impairment lead to hyperglycemia. Cardiovascular problems are more common in T2DM but after the discovery of the dapagliflozin class of SGLT2 (Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2) inhibitor, the rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reduced slightly including heart failure (HF). Numerous recent clinical studies emphasized that dapagliflozin as monotherapy and combined therapy with another hypoglycemic agent help to improve glycaemic control and decrease blood pressure and body weight. In the present review, the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin have been highlighted in patients with HFrEF(Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction), after comparison with placebo and dapagliflozin. It decreased the risk of total HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular death with a low-hypoglycaemic effect. Recurrent hospitalizations are a common problem in patients with HFrEF and it is also preventable. This review article also emphasized the comparative effects of drugs and placebo to prove the effectiveness of drugs and a further reduction in the rate of heart failure. The mild adverse effect is observed in clinical trials where urinary tract infection is most common.