Abstract
We study optimal capital requirement regulation in a dynamic quantitative model in which deposits facilitate real economic activity and thus the value of deposits is microfounded. We identify a novel general equilibrium effect that drives a wedge between the private value of deposits (i.e., the value to price-taking agents, measured by the deposit premium) and the social value of deposits (i.e., the value that matters for regulation). The wedge reduces the social value of deposits, and as a result, the optimal capital requirement is substantially higher than in comparable models in the literature. Nonetheless, even when the marginal social value of deposits is very low, setting capital requirements too high is suboptimal.
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