Abstract

Caffeine is considered a dehydrating agent due to its diuretic effects and influences the body's fluid balance. The relationship between voice and hydration has been widely investigated and it is accepted that inadequate hydration has detrimental effects on phonation. Since dehydration negatively affects the vocal folds and caffeine is considered a dehydrating agent, it can be hypothesized that voice might be negatively affected by caffeine intake. This systematic review aims to summarize and appraise the available evidence regarding the effects of caffeine on voice. Randomized and non-randomized experimental studies of healthy participants were retrieved following an electronic searching of six databases in June 2020. No publication, language or date restrictions were applied. Data extraction of relevant data and risk of bias assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers. Five non-randomized experimental studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. The format of the administered interventions in the included studies was either liquid (coffee) or solid (caffeine tablets). Reported outcome measures used to examine the effects of caffeine on phonation consisted of acoustic, aerodynamic and (auditory & self-) perceptual. No measures were adversely affected by caffeine consumption. Clinicians commonly advise patients to refrain from caffeine, as caffeine intake increases diuresis with subsequent effects on fluid balance. Such imbalances can potentially induce dehydration which can be detrimental to phonation. This notion cannot be supported empirically, as the evidence is deemed unreliable and no firm conclusions can be elicited to guide clinical practice. The results of this review demonstrate the lack of research in the field and the necessity for future investigations in order to inform evidence-based practice through reliable and valid outcomes.

Highlights

  • Caffeine Caffeine is one of the most consumed substances in the world[1]

  • Caffeine consumption has been linked with a lower risk of particular types of cancer, minimized risk of Type II diabetes and a reduced risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and depression.[4]

  • Three studies have demonstrated that higher dosages (>450 mg) of caffeine intake have subsequent effects on total body water (TBW) volume, fluid balance and urine output volume.[9,10,11]

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Summary

Introduction

Caffeine Caffeine is one of the most consumed substances in the world[1]. It consists of three central nervous system (CNS) stimulants; paraxanthine (84%), theobromine (12%) and theophylline (4%).[2,3]Caffeine consumption has been linked with a lower risk of particular types of cancer, minimized risk of Type II diabetes and a reduced risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and depression.[4]. Caffeine Caffeine is one of the most consumed substances in the world[1]. It consists of three central nervous system (CNS) stimulants; paraxanthine (84%), theobromine (12%) and theophylline (4%).[2,3]. Caffeine consumption has been linked with a lower risk of particular types of cancer, minimized risk of Type II diabetes and a reduced risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and depression.[4] In spite of its beneficial effects, consumption has been associated with bone loss, reduced bone density, increased pregnancy risks, behavioural changes and sleep deprivation.[5,6] The impact of caffeine on the body’s fluid balance as a result of increased diuresis has been investigated. Three studies have demonstrated that higher dosages (>450 mg) of caffeine intake have subsequent effects on total body water (TBW) volume, fluid balance and urine output volume.[9,10,11]

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