Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigates the efficacy of various innovation modes in fostering eco-innovation (EI). EI refers to innovations that provide environmental benefits both within a firm and during the use or consumption of products by end users. The study focuses on the impact of cooperation with science, technology, and innovation (STI) partners, as well as learning by doing, using, and interacting (DUI) partners on EIs. Utilizing data from the Basque Innovation Survey spanning 2018–2020, we employ a logit function to estimate the average treatment effect of the treated (ATT) resulting from cooperation with different partners. Specifically, collaboration with research centres, consultants, and suppliers yields significant benefits for EI within firms. Furthermore, all partnerships positively influence EI with environmental benefits during end-user consumption, albeit to varying degrees of relevance. These results offer valuable insights into cooperation-oriented strategies and provide recommendations for policies aimed at fostering EI, thereby mitigating the environmental impact of firms’ operations and products.
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