Abstract
Brain breaks is a physical activity (PA) video designed for school settings that is used to stimulate student’s health and learning. The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of brain breaks on motives of participation in PA among primary school children in Malaysia. Purposive sampling was used to divide 159 male and 176 female students aged 10 to 11 years old, mean (standard deviation (SD)) = 10.51 (0.50), from two schools in Kelantan, Malaysia into intervention (n = 183) and control (n = 152) groups. Students undertook brain breaks activities on school days (five minutes per session) spread out for a period of four months. Mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the students’ motives of participation in PA for pre-, mid-, and post-tests using the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale-Youth-Malay (PALMS-Y-M). Mixed factorial ANOVA showed significant changes in enjoyment, F(2, 392) = 8.720, p-value (ηp2) = 0.001 (0.043); competitiveness, F(2, 195) = 4.364, p-value (ηp2) = 0.014 (0.043); appearance, F(2, 392) = 5.709, p-value (ηp2) = 0.004 (0.028); and psychological condition, F(2, 392) = 4.376, p-value (ηp2) = 0.013 (0.022), whereas mastery, affiliation, and physical condition were not significant (p < 0.05). Further post-hoc analysis revealed a significant downward trend in the control group (p < 0.05). Brain breaks is successful in maintaining students’ motives for PA in four of the seven factors.
Highlights
The relationship between regular physical activity (PA) and psychological and physical health has been thoroughly established [1]
The takeaway message is that regular PA provides essential health benefits, one of which is the reduction of non-communicable diseases and the reduced rate of mortality [2,3]
These results indicate that brain breaks might minimise the reduction of motives for participation in PA among children over time
Summary
The relationship between regular physical activity (PA) and psychological and physical health has been thoroughly established [1]. In Malaysia, people are not active enough to take advantage of the health benefits provided by regular PA; instead they tend to lead a sedentary lifestyle [7]. Individuals who were physically inactive during adolescence are more likely to be inactive in their adulthood [8]. For these reasons, researchers, health professionals, and policymakers have all sought to explore why some people are physically active, whereas others are not [9].
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