Abstract
The retention of approximal slot amalgam restoration was measured in this in vitro study. Two bonding systems (All-Bond 2 and Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus) in addition to Copalite varnish (as a control liner) were used as lining materials and compared in non–retentive and retentive approximal slot cavities using spherical and lathe cut alloys. Signifi-cantly higher retention values obtained with the retentive cavities. No significant difference was found between spherical and lathe cut alloys. Retention of the bon-ded restorations was significantly more than that of non–bonded groups, with All-Bond 2 was significantly more retentive than Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus. Non-retentive cavity with varnish was the least retentive group while retentive cavity with All–Bond 2 was significantly more reten-tive than all other groups. When the rest-orations were bonded to the tooth, modes of failure were shifted toward mixed type (adhesive + cohesive failure) rather than complete dislodgment from the cavity.The results of this study indicated that bonding agents can be used to enhance the retention of amalgam restoration instead of the traditional mechanical retention means thus conserving the sound tooth structure. Also, the combination of mechanical ret-ention means and bonding agents has an additive retentive effect.
Highlights
To bond to tooth structure, the preparation of a tooth for traditional amalgam restoration must incorporates mechanical features to retain the restor-ative material. This often requires the removal of sound dental tissues that may further weaken the tooth.[1]. If amalgam could be effectively bonded to tooth structure, tooth preparation could greatly be simplified and would require the removal of much less tooth structure.[2]. Until few years ago, no material was available to bond amalgam to tooth structure, but marked developments have been made in dental adhesive resins that can bond a freshly mixed amalgam to tooth structure.[3]
Bonding of amalgam is believed to provide at least inracoronal support of weakened tooth structure and improve resistance to fracture[4, 5] and reduce micro-leakage.[6]. Several researches assessed the effects of bonding agents on retention of amalgam restorations and they reported that amalgam restorations that bonded with adhesive resins require greater load to fail than those restored without bond-ing.[7,8,9,10] These findings strongly suggested the implication of adhesive technique as a more conservative technique in compa-rison to mechanical retention techniques
The benefits of the approximal slot amalgam restoration over the traditional class II with occlusal dovetail are the maintenance of tooth strength, mainten-ance of occlusal enamel, limiting the cavo-surface length.[15, 16] Many in vitro studies have supported the effectiveness of the retention grooves in class II amalgam restorations
Summary
Amalgam was used for more than two hundred years in restorative dentistry asالخلاصة تم في ىحه التجخبة السختبخية قياس ثبهتية حذـهات الاممغـم الذقـية وذلك باستخـجام نهعين من أنظسـة المهاصق (Scotchbond Multi Purpose ( وAll–Bond 2) ( كبطانةCopalite varnish) بالإضافة إلىPlus) حيث تست السقارنة في نهعين من،قياسية تقميجية التجاويف الأول ىه تجهيف شقي غيخ مثبت والثاني تجهيف شقي مثبت (مع أخاديج التثبيت) وباستخجام نهعين من سبائك الاممغم إحجاىسا ذات الحرة الكخوية والثانية ذات كانت قجرة التجاويف السثبتة اكثخ.ذ ارت قطع السخخطة لم.عمى التثبيت وبذكل معشهي من التجاويف غيخ السثبتة يكن ىشاك فخق معشهي بين سبيكة الح ارت الكخوية وسبيكة وكانت الثبهتية السدتحرمة باستخجام.ذ ارت قطع السخخطة المهاصق كسهاد مبطشة افزل من ثبهتية الحذهات السبطشة (All–Bond 2) ( وكانCopalite varnish) بسادة (Scotchbond Multi اكثخ قجرة عمى التثبيت من كانـت قجرة تثـبيت التجـهيف غيـخ.Purpose Plus) ( اقل من السجاميعCopalite varnish) السثبت مع بيشسا كانت قجرة تثبيت التجهيف السـثبت مع،الأخخى كميا ( اكثخ وبذكل معشهي من السجاميعAll–Bond 2) كسا أن نسط الفذل قج تهجو نحه الشهع.الأخخى كميا فذل تساسك الاممغم) بجلا من+ السخمهط This often requires the removal of sound dental tissues that may further weaken the tooth.[1] If amalgam could be effectively bonded to tooth structure, tooth preparation could greatly be simplified and would require the removal of much less tooth structure.[2] Until few years ago, no material was available to bond amalgam to tooth structure, but marked developments have been made in dental adhesive resins that can bond a freshly mixed amalgam to tooth structure.[3]. How-ever, researches on the retention to occ-lusal loading of approximal slot amalgam restoration with adhesive systems have been studied by a smaller number of res-earchers
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